2014/07/22 榎本

Natural Neural Projection Dynamics Underlying Social Behavior
Gunaydin LA, Grosenick L, Finkelstein JC, Kauvar IV, Fenno LE, Adhikari A, Lammel S, Mirzabekov JJ, Airan RD, Zalocusky KA, Tye KM, Anikeeva P, Malenka RC, Deisseroth K.
Cell. 2014 Jun 19;157(7):1535-51

Highlights

• Fiber photometry enables recording of neural projection activity in behaving mice
• VTA-NAc projection activity encodes and predicts social interaction
• Optogenetic control of VTA DA neurons bidirectionally modulates social behavior
• Elevating VTA-NAc activity and NAc D1R signaling increases social behavior

マウスの社会行動発現に必要不可欠な神経回路はVTAからNAcへと投射するドパミン細胞であり、かつそれはD1受容体依存的であることを、光遺伝学的手法と脳深部からのカルシウムイメージング法を組み合わせた、ファイバー・フォトメトリーとかいう新しい手法によって突き止めたという研究です。Social interactionとかいうてもにおいをかぐとかそのていどの……まあ、マウスやしね……。

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2014/07/22 鮫島

Redishラボからの２本の論文を紹介します。
１本は行動のみの論文で、機会コストに応じた行動選択モデルを
最適採餌行動のモデルで説明する論文。

Wikenheiser, Andrew M., David W. Stephens, and A. David Redish.
Subjective costs drive overly patient foraging strategies in rats on an intertemporal foraging task.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 110.20 (2013): 8308-8313.

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もう１本は、同じ課題で、過去の行動選択を振り返る「後悔」の
神経対応をみた論文です。

Steiner, Adam P., and A. David Redish.
Behavioral and neurophysiological correlates of regret in rat decision-making on a neuroeconomic task.
Nature neuroscience 17.7 (2014): 995-1002.

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強化学習モデルが、行動経済や生態学でのモデルとどのような関係になるのか議論してみたいとおもいます。

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2014/07/15 田中

Switching brain serotonin with oxytocin
Raphaelle Mottolese, Jérôme Redouté, Nicolas Costes, Didier Le Bars, and Angela Sirigua
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014

鬱病治療のターゲットとなるセロトニンシステムが扁桃体を介してオキシトシンの影響を受けている事をPETで示した以下の論文をご紹介したいと思います。

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2014/07/15 野々村

Rapid Prediction of Biomechanical Costs during Action Decisions
Cos, I, Duque, J, Cisek, P.
Journal of Neurophysiology Jun 3, 2014


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2014/07/08 木村

A normative perspective on motivation
Yael Niv, Daphna Joel and Peter Dayan
TRENDS in Cognitive Sciences Vol.10 No.8 (2006)

The dorsomedial striatum encodes net expected return, critical for energizing performance vigor
Alice Y Wang, Keiji Miura & Naoshige Uchida 
NATURE NEUROSCIENCE VOLUME 16 | NUMBER 5 | MAY 2013

Invigoration of Reward Seeking by Cue and Proximity Encoding in the Nucleus Accumbens
Vincent B. McGinty, Sylvie Lardeux, Sharif A. Taha, James J. Kim, and Saleem M. Nicola,*
Neuron 78, 910-922, June 5, 2013

意思決定における動機づけの役割に関する線条体メカニズムについて考えたいと思います。

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2014/07/08 森田

Parametric trial-by-trial prediction of pain by easily available physiological measures
Geuter S, Gamer M, Onat S, Büchel C.
Pain. 2014 May;155(5):994-1001. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2014.02.005. Epub 2014 Feb 10.

Pain is commonly assessed by subjective reports on rating scales. However, in many experimental and clinical settings, an additional, objective indicator of pain is desirable. In order to identify an objective, parametric signature of pain intensity that is predictive at the individual stimulus level across subjects, we recorded skin conductance and pupil diameter responses to heat pain stimuli of different durations and temperatures in 34 healthy subjects. The temporal profiles of trial-wise physiological responses were characterized by component scores obtained from principal component analysis. These component scores were then used as predictors in a linear regression analysis, resulting in accurate pain predictions for individual trials. Using the temporal information encoded in the principal component scores explained the data better than prediction by a single summary statistic (ie, maximum amplitude). These results indicate that perceived pain is best reflected by the temporal dynamics of autonomic responses. Application of the regression model to an independent data set of 20 subjects resulted in a very good prediction of the pain ratings demonstrating the generalizability of the identified temporal pattern. Utilizing the readily available temporal information from skin conductance and pupil diameter responses thus allows parametric prediction of pain in human subjects.

皮膚抵抗(SCR)と瞳孔径(pupil size)で(主観的な)痛みを予測。

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2014/07/01 高岸

Competitive and cooperative dynamics of large-scale brain functional networks supporting recollection
Fornito A1, Harrison BJ, Zalesky A, Simons JS.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 Jul 31;109(31):12788-93. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1204185109. Epub 2012 Jul 17.

default mode networkとexternal attention systemの2つの大規模ネットワーク間の結合が、記憶の課題を行っているときにどう変化するか、という内容です。


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2014/07/01 坂井

A compact, high performance atomic magnetometer for biomedical applications.
Shah VK, Wakai RT.Phys Med Biol. 2013 Nov 21;58(22):8153-61.

SQUID代替の生体磁気測定装置として期待されるAtomic Magnetometerに関するものです。

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